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Table of citations (250 visible)

CRScorePMIDDateAuAbTitleJournal
625119.8179102971994.06.16+ Home testing for HIV.Lancet
TE Mertens, GD Smith, E Van Praag,
625219.8116062031992.07.23++What issues and procedures should concern you as a CRNA manager when a CRNA employee has been diagnosed as HIV positive?Nurse Anesth
B Sommer,
Today's manager is faced with a multitude of issues regarding the HIV-infected health-care provider. A well-planned and organized response to such a situation can best meet both employer and provider needs. The manager should possess the knowledge to both respond appropriately and utilize the necessary resources in accommodating the HIV-infected employee. Recommendations are made to consider should this situation present.
625319.8114875771993.02.23++The social context of adolescent sexuality: safe sex implications.J Adolesc
S Moore, D Rosenthal,
This study was an examination of the sexual worlds of 153 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years through the content analysis of interviews on the topics of love, romance, relationships between the sexes, sexual values and sexual behaviors. The aim was to develop more detailed descriptions of the dimension of adolescent sexuality and relate these dimensions to sexual risk, that is, the tendency to engage in unprotected intercourse, an activity which increases vulnerability to AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. To this end, seven themes were isolated from the interview scripts, these being permissiveness, double standards, belief about sexual control (the Id Factor), romance, regrets about permissiveness, sexual aggression, and questioning. Measures of four of these themes were constructed, and sex and sub-group differences explored, as were the relationships between themes and sexual risk. The implications of different "pathways" to sexual risk-taking were discussed.
625419.8182690751994.02.03++Black communities' belief in "AIDS as genocide". A barrier to overcome for HIV prevention.Ann Epidemiol
ME Guinan,
The belief that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a form of genocide targeted at the black population is prevalent in black communities in the United States. Public health authorities are distrusted, in part because of the legacy of the Tuskegee Study of untreated syphilis, a perceived racist experiment. For effective interventions to prevent the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in black communities, genocidal fears and beliefs must be addressed and black community leaders should be involved in planning and implementation.
625519.80151857022004.06.23+ Court case sparks outcry over secret HIV test.Lancet
S Pincock,
625619.80113655821998.11.30 HIV tests authorized.AIDS Policy Law
625719.80129242882003.08.25 Transparency, participation, and accountability.Can HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev
625819.8018948301991.10.23++Issues in the dental care management of patients with bloodborne infectious diseases: an opinion survey of dental school seniors.J Dent Educ
ES Solomon, CF Gray, B Gerbert,
This study revealed some significant findings concerning the views of dental school seniors. Through a series of questions, we determined the opinions that seniors had about treating patients with bloodborne infections and the way they regarded their professional responsibility to provide care to these patients. We were able to identify that the majority of seniors had knowingly treated patients with one of these diseases, and believed that they had a professional obligation to do so. The study showed that these future professionals were aware of the risks related to disease transmission and they had real concerns about those risks; nevertheless, they were prepared to accept their professional obligation to provide care to these individuals. More than half of the survey population was fearful of treating patients with these diseases, and over half indicated that they would not treat these patients given the choice. This fear was compounded by their presumption that other patients would not want to be treated by a dentist who provides care to HBV/HIV patients, and by the presumption of increased cost of infection control. More than three fourths of these dental seniors agreed that treatment of infected patients would place them at higher risk. Nevertheless, in the face of this perceived danger, 62 percent indicated that they were willing to treat these patients, 79 percent said that they were capable of treating them, and 76 percent acknowledged the responsibility of the profession to treat. Another finding of note involves the treatment of infected patients and the effect that treatment experience had on the seniors' attitudes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
625919.7984221341993.02.16+ Congress of Nursing Practice discusses malpractice reform, payment to NPs.Am Nurse
E Eckles,
626019.7876762571995.10.13++A computer-based surveillance system for human immunodeficiency virus infection in Singapore.Singapore Med J
SK Chew, I Snodgrass,
The first case of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was detected in Singapore in 1985 and the first case of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1986. Since then, the number of infections had increased. By the end of 1993, there were 222 residents with HIV infection, including 75 cases of AIDS. In view of the rapidly increasing magnitude of HIV infection, a microcomputer-based surveillance system was designed and developed in 1992 to better monitor epidemiological trends of HIV infection in Singapore. OBJECTIVE--The objective was to define a composite model of a successful HIV and AIDS registry that included: (a) patient data forms, (b) patient's contact data forms, (c) data analysis, and (d) report generation. METHODOLOGY--An IBM-compatible desk-top microcomputer was used for the project. The main software used for computer programming and data analysis were DBase IV (Version 1.5) and Epi Info (Version 5.0), respectively. Security features were incorporated into the programme to ensure confidentiality of information and that only authorized personnel could gain access to the programme. MAIN FINDINGS--The system functioned as the National HIV Notification Registry and was able to track notifications, analyse data and enabled prompt dissemination of information. The system was also linked to another database system for tuberculosis to enhance surveillance of both HIV infection and tuberculosis. CONCLUSION--The authors believe that this system would enhance surveillance and provide timely information for national AIDS control programmes. However, the effectiveness of this computer-based surveillance system is dependent on an established notification structure with notifications of sufficient completeness for both HIV infection and AIDS.
626119.77113643441997.06.09 Sentenced for leak.AIDS Policy Law
626219.77113643131997.06.05 Florida mortician convicted in breach of AIDS database.AIDS Policy Law
626319.77113649571998.05.05 Federal Violence Against Women Act authorizes HIV testing.AIDS Policy Law
626419.77113671062000.07.19 NAPWA prefers no CARE act to one laden with new restrictions.AIDS Policy Law
626519.77113672762000.09.07 Court rules against hospital that released patient records.AIDS Policy Law
626619.76113666682000.05.31+ Drinking and HIV: knowledge and context.Focus
KJ Bryant, GL Levine,
626719.7689418001996.12.16++'London dentist in HIV scare': HIV and dentistry in popular discourse.Prim Dent Care
N Thorogood,
This is a qualitative analysis of the non-structured responses to a survey (see 'Notes') which elicited people's attitudes towards being treated by HIV-positive dentists. These findings are discussed in terms of a sociology of knowledge, that is, an understanding of how individuals come to believe what they do. It uses the concept of 'public' and 'private' accounts to explore some of the themes which emerged.
626819.76121897132003.01.30++Racial differences in end-of-life care for patients with AIDS.AIDS Public Policy J
U Sambamoorthi, J Walkup, E McSpiritt, L Warner, N Castle, S Crystal,
This study examines the place of death for persons with AIDS, and the adequacy of the pain treatment that they received in their final months of life. Variations in the use of pain treatment during three months before death and place of death by patient's characteristics such as gender, race/ethnicity, mode of transmission, and geographical location are examined. We used merged AIDS surveillance data and paid Medicaid claims data for the period between 1991 and 1998 to examine the outcomes. Multivariate analysis was done using logistic regressions. Overall, approximately half of the sample received an outpatient prescription for analgesics during the last three months of life. A majority of the decedents (62 percent) died in a hospital. Significant differences in pain treatment and place of death existed between members of racial minority groups and Whites. Higher rates of pain treatment and lower likelihood of dying in a hospital were noted among beneficiaries enrolled in a statewide HIV/AIDS-specific home- and community-based Medicaid-waiver program. Despite financial eligibility, racial minorities, especially African-Americans, were disadvantaged in their access to healthcare services during their last months of life; some of these racial differences appear to be mediated by the use of the waiver program. There was some evidence that access to home care services and case-management mechanisms such as those built into the waiver program were an effective means of facilitating palliative care by increasing the use of pain medication and reducing the likelihood of dying in a hospital.
626919.76113666072000.05.09 'Mitigating measures' cases won't affect HIV plaintiffs.AIDS Policy Law
627019.7623328201990.06.05+ AIDS and palliative care: an individual appeal to health care professionals and intervening parties.J Palliat Care
MR Morissette,
627119.7613004111993.05.25++The biological impact of social responses to the AIDS epidemic.Med Anthropol
JW McGrath,
This paper examines the extent to which social responses to the AIDS epidemic contribute to the continued transmission of the virus, thereby exacerbating the biological impact of the epidemic. Following the model of McGrath (1991), social responses to AIDS are examined in terms of their impact on potential transmission of HIV. Responses are evaluated using established criteria for decreasing disease transmission: eliminating the source of infection, eliminating contact necessary for infection, decreasing susceptibility of hosts, or decreasing the infectivity of infectious persons. The most frequent responses to AIDS have been scapegoating, resulting in ostracism, stigma, and blame; resignation; use of alternative therapies; political mobilization; and research. With the exception of political mobilization in some communities, the social responses to AIDS have not decreased the biological impact of the epidemic, and, therefore, may not be "biologically appropriate".
627219.75113660131999.10.08 High court considers whether ADA claims must be arbitrated.AIDS Policy Law
627319.7578027831994.09.23+ Screening for HIV infection. The time has not yet come.N C Med J
JG Wong, JR Feussner,
627419.7524072191990.03.23++Confidentiality and informed consent and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic.Arch Pathol Lab Med
SL Lentz,
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic has led to significant medicolegal concerns in the areas of informed consent and confidentiality. These legal concepts are directed at preserving respect for individual autonomy and privacy in the face of the epidemic. Emerging legal doctrines and issues related to consent and confidentiality are outlined, and areas where the laboratory may develop procedures and policies in light of the doctrines are suggested.
627519.75117080822001.12.05+ Consumer participation in HIV care.AIDS Read
WM Valenti,
627619.75165415092006.03.21++FDA, companies test RFID tracking to prevent drug counterfeiting.AIDS Treat News
JS James,
The U.S. has an apparently growing problem with fake, counterfeit drugs entering the mainstream drug supply, and being fraudulently sold at full price in regular pharmacies and hospitals; some have no active ingredient, or too little, or substitute a cheap drug for an expensive one. The FDA has asked drug manufacturers to develop technology to track all shipments electronically as they move through the distribution chain; currently, RFID (radio frequency identification) is the preferred method for doing so. This article explains what is happening, and why we do not believe that this use of RFID is a privacy threat--though other privacy issues are among the most important questions we face today.
627719.75107160222000.04.11++The effect of advance care planning on completion of advance directives and patient satisfaction in people with HIV/AIDS.AIDS Care
VW Ho, EC Thiel, HR Rubin, PA Singer,
The effects of advance care planning are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an advance care planning intervention on the completion of advance directives (ADs) and patient satisfaction. A volunteer sample of persons with HIV/AIDS received advance directive documents, watched an educational video and received individual counselling on completing an advance directive during three face-to-face interviews over approximately six months. The advance care planning intervention was associated with an increase in advance directive completion rates from 16.4% to 40.7% (p = 0.001), but 23.1% of advance directives reported as completed were legally invalid. There was a trend towards decreased overall patient satisfaction with health care (p = 0.07). Advance are planning increases the rate of AD completion but many 'completed' advance directives are legally invalid. Advance care planning did not improve patient satisfaction with health care.
627819.74104744431999.12.02+ [The situation of female migrants with HIV/AIDS]Pflege Aktuell
P Narimani,
627919.74147232112004.02.04 Nigeria health rights group provides legal support.Can HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev
628019.74124808402003.01.10+ India announces plan to inform HIV infected blood donors.BMJ
G Mudur,
628119.7423758511990.09.06++Comparison of the attitudes of hospital dentists and dental students in Glasgow, UK and Los Angeles, USA towards treatment of AIDS and hepatitis B patients.Am J Dent
LP Samaranayake, HM Figueiredo, CA Rowland, K Aitchison,
A transcultural comparison of the attitudes of hospital dental practitioners and final year dental students in Glasgow, Scotland and Los Angeles, USA was made to assess their attitudes towards treatment of AIDS and hepatitis B patients. Almost all of the respondents were aware of the facts related to spread of AIDS via saliva and blood and the major oral manifestations of AIDS. Surprisingly, a significant proportion of respondents in both countries said they will not attend their dentist if the latter treats AIDS patients and significantly more Americans thought that AIDS transmission was likely in the dental clinic. An overwhelming majority thought specially trained dentists should be employed to treat AIDS patients while the majority of Americans, as compared with Scots surmised that AIDS is a serious threat to public health. In general, the attitudes of the two survey populations towards the AIDS epidemic and attendant problems was similar although the Scots were more complacent than their American counterparts, probably due to the less immediacy of the AIDS problem in Scotland.
628219.74163233322006.02.03+ Ethical considerations in AIDS vaccine trials.
S Mehendale,
628319.73102910101989.01.23+ Plague, piety, and policy.Second Opin
CS Campbell,
628419.73151104212004.07.30++Secretive females or swaggering males? An assessment of the quality of sexual partnership reporting in rural Tanzania.Soc Sci Med
S Nnko, JT Boerma, M Urassa, G Mwaluko, B Zaba,
In population-based surveys on sexual behaviour, men consistently report higher numbers of sexual partners than women, which may be associated with male exaggeration or female under-reporting or with issues related to sampling, such as exclusion of female sex workers. This paper presents an analysis of data collected in the context of a longitudinal study in rural Tanzania, where a sexual partnership module was applied to all participating men and women in the study population. Since the study design included all men and women of reproductive ages and did not involve sampling, these data provide a unique opportunity to compare the consistency of aggregate measures of sexual behaviour between men and women living in the same villages. The analysis shows that non-marital partnerships were common amongst single people of both sexes--around 70% of unmarried men and women report at least one sexual partner in the last year. However, 40% of married men also report having non-marital partners, but only 3% of married women did so. Single women reported about half as many multiple partnerships in the last year as men. Under-reporting of non-marital partnerships was much more common among single women than among married women and men. Furthermore, women were more likely to report longer duration partnerships and partnership with urban men or more educated men than with others. If a woman reports multiple partners, biological data indicate that she is at high risk of contracting HIV. For men, however, there is only a weak association between number of partnerships and the risk of HIV, and it cannot be excluded that men, especially single men, exaggerate the number of sexual partners.
628519.7393430061997.11.18++Patterns of disclosure and perceptions of the human immunodeficiency virus in infected elementary school-age children.Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
I Funck-Brentano, D Costagliola, N Seibel, E Straub, M Tardieu, S Blanche,
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the patterns of disclosure and perceptions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status in a group of HIV-infected elementary school-age children. DESIGN: A survey. SETTING: A referred care university hospital center. PATIENTS: All HIV-infected children born before August 31, 1985, and scheduled for ambulatory follow-up between 1984 and 1993 were eligible for the study. A total of 35 HIV-infected (21 asymptomatic and 14 symptomatic) elementary school-age children (aged 5-10 years) were examined between 1990 and 1993. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Semistructured qualitative interviews were used, 1 with the children and 1 with their parents or caregivers. In addition, 3 drawings per child were also analyzed. RESULTS: Partial disclosure was observed in 14 (40%) of the children, and full disclosure of the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was given to 6 (17%) of the children. Secrecy regarding serostatus was the strategy used by 15 (43%) of the parents or caregivers involving either complete nondisclosure (n = 8) or deception by means of attributing the symptoms to another condition, medical or other (n = 7). Perceived health status and clinical status differed for 11 (31%) of the children. Eight children did not identify any illness causality, and most of the others gave prelogical or concrete-logical explanations. Few children were aware of their parent's infection or disease. CONCLUSION: Human immunodeficiency virus-infected elementary school-age children were exposed to various disclosure patterns regarding their HIV infection or disease, and most children (26/35 [74%]) reported stressful experiences due to HIV regardless of the disclosure patterns.
628619.72113641171997.03.10 Court asked to review liability for withholding of test result.AIDS Policy Law
628719.7215982451992.07.06+ Right to refusal.Nurs Times
D Carlisle,
628819.71124004622002.11.05 Discrimination. Hospital worker says positive HIV status cost him his job.AIDS Policy Law
628919.7017345951992.03.05++Primary care physicians' refusal to care for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.West J Med
CE Lewis, K Montgomery,
We conducted a telephone survey of a random sample of office-based primary care physicians in Los Angeles County to determine their practice experiences with patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Telephone interviews included questions related to the physicians' experiences evaluating patients for HIV infection during the past 6 months and the presence of HIV-infected patients in their practices. Those without HIV-infected patients were asked if this was because they had not encountered such patients, because those patients had died, or because the physicians had chosen to refer these patients elsewhere or the patients had gone elsewhere for care. Of physicians who participated in the survey, 78% had evaluated a patient for HIV infection in the past 6 months; 34% were currently providing primary care for infected patients; and 36% had elected to refer HIV-infected patients elsewhere, or their patients had elected to find other physicians. In all, 48% of physicians in the sample had elected not to care for, or said they would not provide care for, patients with HIV infection. Among Los Angeles County primary care physicians, 36% have refused to provide continuing care for HIV-infected patients and another 12% indicated their unwillingness to do so should such patients present themselves for care. As of 1991, the reservoir of primary care physicians in Los Angeles not yet involved with but willing to care for HIV-infected patients is relatively small (15%).
629019.70115486642001.10.11+ Life, health and justice in the AIDS epidemic.GMHC Treat Issues
JE Cameron,
629119.70165967242006.04.24 Discrimination. Grievance trips up inmate's HIV-discrimination claim.AIDS Policy Law
629219.6920057381991.04.24 The risk of contracting HIV infection in the course of health care.JAMA
629319.69115153872001.09.06+ Legislature expands AIDS testing laws to address law enforcement concerns.Iowa Med
J Freeman,
629419.69157623512005.06.02+ Her own words: Kristin Turner's safety crusade.MLO Med Lab Obs
C Bersch,
629519.6925343131990.04.30++["Treat" or "not treat"?]J Dent Que
M Valois, RG Landry,
During the last few years, we have had to face the sad reality and statistics related to hepatitis B and AIDS. These two infectious entities are in fact the major cause of concern for dentists in their capacity as health professionals. This article reviews certain legislative points of view which should help every dentist in their decision as to whether to treat these so-called "infectious" or "contagious" patients.
629619.68160062102005.08.04++Aiming for more relevant HIV risk reduction: a black feminist perspective for enhancing HIV intervention for low-income African American women.AIDS Educ Prev
QM Gentry, K Elifson, C Sterk,
The purpose of this study was to examine how various living conditions impact the context within which low-income African American women engage in a diverse range of high-risk behavior that increases their risk for HIV infection. The study, based on 2 years of ethnographic fieldwork, analyzed the living conditions of 45 African American women at risk for HIV infection in a high-risk neighborhood in Atlanta, Georgia. A black feminist perspective guided the study's analytical framework as a way to extend knowledge about the social conditions, the social interactions, and the meaning of high-risk behavior in the lives of African American women. Using black feminist theory and the constant comparison method, two groups emerged: "street" women and "house" women. Street women were defined as the absolute homeless, the rooming housed, and the hustling homeless. House women were defined as the family housed, the heads of household, and the steady-partner housed. Results reveal that various types of living arrangements place women at risk in different ways and suggest that low-income African American women at high risk for HIV infection-a group often considered homogeneous-have unique "within group" needs that must be addressed in HIV prevention intervention research.
629719.6890931071997.04.30+ A case for goodwill.BMJ
GR McLean,
629819.6834797021988.01.15+ [Screening of patients for HIV infection for prevention of the contamination of health care personnel in hospitals]Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd
HA Verbrugh,
629919.66145313652003.11.03+ [The cost of voluntariness. A comment to the AIDS strategy--15 years after "Fall of the law"]Ugeskr Laeger
H Zachariae,
630019.66147083972004.02.27++"Typhoid Mary" and "HIV Jane": responsibility, agency and disease prevention.Reprod Health Matters
KY Chan, DD Reidpath,
The construction of disease risks as knowable, calculable and preventable in dominant social science and public health discourses has fostered a certain kind of logic about individual risk and the responsibility for infection. Disease control measures that have developed out of this logic typically fail to recognise the socio-structural roots of many high-risk behaviours that are linked to the spread of infection. Instead, they hold the disease carrier responsible for managing his/her own risk of infection of others, and rely on constraining the agency of the carrier (e.g. by constraining movement, contact or occupation). In occupations associated with a high risk of infection, the idea of responsibility of the actor implicitly raises issues of "professional responsibility". Using the case of "Typhoid Mary" and a hypothetical case of "HIV Jane", this paper explores some of the problems with making sex workers responsible for the prevention of HIV transmission. It argues that for the notion of "responsibility" to make any sense, the HIV-positive person must be in a position to exercise responsibility, and for this they must have agency.
630119.6614070741992.11.25+ Dialysis units charged with denying transient dialysis care to HIV+ patients.Nephrol News Issues
ME Neumann,
630219.66147655122004.02.11++El Salvador: activists challenge law allowing pre-employment HIV testing.Can HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev
R Elliott,
On 24 October 2001, El Salvador's national legislature passed a law allowing employers to impose pre-employment HIV testing on job applicants, although it also prohibits employers from discriminating against those who test HIV-positive.
630319.66159913812005.09.27++Mexico: general Recommendation issued on school-based discrimination against HIV-positive children.HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev
R Pearshouse,
In September 2004, Mexico's National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) issued a General Recommendation responding to various discriminatory practices by federal and local education officials against children living with HIV/AIDS. The Recommendation reflects the general guidance provided by the Committee on the Rights of the Child in its 2003 General Comments on HIV/AIDS and the Rights of the Child, and Adolescent Health.
630419.6615645931992.05.21+ House Bill 1012: perspective on new HIV law.J Okla State Med Assoc
J Hutton, J Harkess, R Cole,
630519.66113635721996.07.02 AIDS plays major role in Internet censorship ruling.AIDS Policy Law
630619.66120666012002.07.18+ Evaluating the impact of criminal laws on HIV risk behavior.J Law Med Ethics
Z Lazzarini, S Bray, S Burris,
630719.6619232621991.11.14 Will Ohio physicians be mandated to reveal HIV-positive tests?Ohio Med
630819.65113651071998.05.13 Public disclosure of co-worker's HIV does not sustain tort.AIDS Policy Law
630919.65151245982004.05.05 Prisons. Inhumane conditions threaten lives of inmates with HIV.AIDS Policy Law
631019.6598629501998.12.29+ Caring for people with human immunodeficiency virus infection.N Engl J Med
R Steinbrook,
631119.65160915762005.08.15+ HIV testing without consent in critically ill patients.JAMA
SD Halpern,
631219.65103568041999.09.02++Disclosure of HIV status.AIDS Patient Care STDS
MD Stein, JH Samet,
A significant proportion of HIV-infected persons choose not to disclose their status to sexual partners. Healthcare providers may play a role in motivating patients to disclose despite powerful forces working in favor of secrecy.
631319.6483103631994.03.15++AIDS education in schools--awareness, attitudes and opinions among educators, theology students and health professionals.S Afr Med J
CP Jameson, PH Glover,
A project was undertaken in Grahamstown to assess the level of AIDS awareness, attitudes towards AIDS and opinions as to how and whether education programmes for schoolchildren should be planned. Opinions were canvassed initially by means of a questionnaire to three groups of professionals who could become involved in AIDS education programmes: student teachers and lecturers in the Department of Education at Rhodes University, theology students at the local Theological College and health care professionals at Settlers' Hospital. Each group was then asked to attend a lecture about AIDS at which slides were shown of actual cases of the disease and its complications. A slightly modified version of the original questionnaire was then administered after 6 weeks to assess any changes in awareness, attitudes and opinions. The study did not attempt to establish the permanence of any such changes.
631419.6483222051993.07.30+ [AIDS--fear of conflict, paralyzed activities and apathy]Sygeplejersken
CH Harlung,
631519.6483228561993.08.05+ Taking the risk to care.Am J Nurs
J Halloran,
631619.63127566852003.06.16++Factors underlying anxiety in HIV testing: risk perceptions, stigma, and the patient-provider power dynamic.Qual Health Res
C Worthington, T Myers,
Client anxiety is often associated with diagnostic testing. In this study, the authors used a grounded theory approach to examine the situational and social factors underlying anxiety associated with HIV testing, analyzing transcripts from semistructured interviews with 39 HIV test recipients in Ontario, Canada (selected based on HIV serostatus, risk experience, geographic region, gender, and number of HIV tests), then integrating emergent themes with existing research literature. Analysis revealed four themes: perceptions of risk and responsibility for health, stigma associated with HIV, the patient-provider power dynamic, and techniques used by test recipients to enhance control in their interactions with providers. Service implications include modifications to information provision during the test session, attention to privacy and anonymity, and sensitivity to patient-provider interactions.
631719.6397631071998.10.07 +Management of possible sexual, injecting-drug-use, or other nonoccupational exposure to HIV, including considerations related to antiretroviral therapy. Public Health Service statement. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.MMWR Recomm Rep
The most effective methods for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are those that protect against exposure to HIV. Preventive behaviors include sexual abstinence, sex only with an uninfected partner, consistent and correct condom use, abstinence from injecting-drug use, and consistent use of sterile equipment by those unable to cease injecting-drug use. Some healthcare providers have proposed offering antiretroviral drugs to persons with unanticipated sexual or injecting-drug-use HIV exposure to prevent transmission. However, because no data exist regarding the efficacy of this therapy for persons with nonoccupational HIV exposure, it should be considered an unproven clinical intervention. Health-care providers and their patients may opt to consider using antiretroviral drugs after nonoccupational HIV exposures that carry a high risk for infection, but only after careful consideration of the potential risks and benefits and with a full awareness of the gaps in current knowledge. To address concerns related to providing antiretroviral agents to persons after nonoccupational HIV exposure, CDC convened a meeting in July 1997 of scientists, public health experts, clinicians, members of professional associations, representatives from industry, ethicists, and members of affected communities. This report reviews the topics raised at the meeting, provides background information on patient management options, and presents considerations for antiretroviral therapy.
631819.63116557881987.02.15 An injection of sense.New Sci
631919.63105573981999.09.24++Paying injection drug users to educate and recruit their peers: why participant-driven interventions are an ethical public health model.Qual Manag Health Care
JJ Hughes,
The criminalization of drug use has made it difficult to reach injection drug users (IDUs) with public health interventions. The "peer-driven intervention" (PDI) makes use of the existing social network of IDUs to educate and recruit participants in the intervention. Participant IDUs are given nominal financial rewards for being interviewed, for recruiting IDUs to the program, and for educating their recruits. Using peers as educators, PDIs build a discourse of prevention in the community and contextualize those messages in daily interactions of IDUs. Some critics of the PDI model, however, have balked at the idea of providing active injectors with financial rewards that can be used to purchase drugs. This essay, which describes some of the ways that the Eastern Connecticut Outreach Project worked to avoid potential pitfalls of the reward program, defends the PDI as an ethically superior model for public health intervention.
632019.6319528911991.12.03+ Senate passes bill requiring disclosure of health care workers' HIV status, RN first assistant reimbursement issue continues.AORN J
LD Cruz,
632119.62116478861991.02.15+ New medical research tool: human tissues in lab mice.NY Times (Print)
S Blakeslee,
632219.6268884521983.10.08+ Infection-control guidelines for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).N Engl J Med
JE Conte, WK Hadley, M Sande,
632319.6127476931989.08.18+ AIDS: the duty to treat. A patient advocate's perspective.Mt Sinai J Med
RD Dunne,
632419.6189070481997.03.11++Right to privacy and confidentiality of medical records.Occup Med
SH Tilton,
The conflict between the demands of third party payers and the physician's ethical obligations to patients, complicated by a multitude of laws controlling the disclosure of confidential information, continues to provide a source of confusion in occupational medicine. Although, in theory, an attorney could review all requests for release of medical information on patients, the best approach for a physician may be to treat all information as confidential and to obtain adequate consents for release that fulfill the requirements of all potentially applicable state and federal laws, even when the physician-patient privilege appears to be waived or abolished. This would protect the practitioner from the inadvertent release of privileged information, whether it be an unauthorized ex parte communication or information related to sexually transmitted diseases, HIV status, or substance abuse.
632519.61113628521995.11.15 Child molester gets new sentence after State breaks plea deal.AIDS Policy Law
632619.60103654761999.07.21+ [Sexual behaviors and the HIV/AIDS risk in the general population: the methodological aspects of a national study within the context of a European Concerted Action]Ann Ig
C Renzi, E Zantedeschi, C Signorelli, JF Osborn, GM Fara,
632719.6021153531990.08.27++Knowledge of HIV infection and AIDS, and attitudes to testing and counselling among general practitioners in Northern Ireland.Br J Gen Pract
JS Boyd, S Kerr, RD Maw, EA Finnighan, PK Kilbane,
All 922 general practitioners in Northern Ireland were sent a questionnaire on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Five hundred and ninety four general practitioners (64.4%) returned the questionnaire. Thirty eight respondents (6.4%) knew of an HIV positive patient in their practice and 93.3% felt they should be informed if one of their patients was found to be HIV positive at a genitourinary medicine clinic, even without the patient's consent. Of the respondents, 76.8% were willing to be involved in the management of AIDS patients in their practice in cooperation with hospital colleagues but only 37.5% felt confident to provide AIDS counselling and advice. Of the 368 general practitioners who did not feel confident to provide AIDS counselling and advice, 41.3% felt that they had insufficient knowledge and 79.6% felt uncertain of their counselling skills. The information gathered on the administration of injections, taking blood samples and disposal of needles indicated that further education for general practitioners is required to ensure safety at work.
632819.6013290001992.11.19+ Bioethics, HIV, and the health care provider.Orthop Nurs
KE Powderly,
632919.60101042381990.05.16 Patient claims confidentiality breach.Hosp Law Newsl
633019.5975933701995.11.30++Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and social disease.Holist Nurs Pract
JA Bennett,
The social construction of disease and responses to it has implications not only for how nurses approach caregiving responsibilities but also for how we strategize for and participate in prevention efforts and elaborate priorities for advocacy. Historical review of responses to public health threats, along with critical examination of current social constructions of disease and public health practice, can inform our theory building and offer important insights for educators and clinicians striving to improve the care of people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Understanding what underlies responses is key to effecting changes. Although unique, AIDS has commonalities with other diseases and public health threats, past and present. Thus lessons learned from the past may be applicable to the current situation.
633119.5984975631993.06.24++Maintaining confidentiality in a look-back investigation of patients treated by a HIV-infected dentist.Public Health Rep
PM Arnow, T Chou, R Shapiro, EJ Sussman,
The spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from a Florida dentist with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to several of his patients has generated considerable concern about the risk of HIV transmission during dental treatment. Accordingly, self-reporting of HIV infection and subsequent AIDS by a dentist at our medical center prompted notification and testing of patients at risk. Key features of the notification and testing process were (a) only patients who had undergone procedures deemed to pose appreciable risk of exposure to the dentist's blood were notified, (b) the identity of the dentist was shielded by not including in notification letters any identifying information other than the name of the medical center, and (c) patients' blood specimens were tested promptly for HIV antibodies and results were reported immediately to each patient to minimize the period of anxiety. HIV antibody testing was requested by 41 of the 88 patients to whom notification letters were sent, and all 41 were HIV negative after having undergone 395 procedures by the HIV-infected dentist. Review of the 88 patients' medical and dental records showed that at least 77 had received treatment by other health care providers at the medical center so that they would not be able to ascertain which provider had HIV infection. None of the patients who were notified by the medical center subsequently queried the dentist concerning possible HIV infection. Our experience demonstrates that look-back investigations can be conducted by institutions in a manner that substantially protects the identity of health care workers with HIV infection, minimizes the number of patients discomfitted, and avoids excessive utilization of personnel time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
633219.58113650631998.05.21 EEOC raps hospital. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.AIDS Policy Law
633319.58102850411988.01.20+ AIDS and the ethics of cost control.Mich Hosp
LJ Weber,
633419.5778888421995.04.19+ Russia proposes testing foreigners for AIDS.BMJ
P Conradi,
633519.57121794392000.11.01+ HIV / AIDS, human rights and development.
D Patterson,
633619.57146356312003.12.01+ Providing reproductive care to HIV-1 serodiscordant couples: final thoughts.Am J Bioeth
MV Sauer,
633719.56111901222001.02.08+ Clinical trials in correctional settings: proceedings of a conference held in Providence, Rhode Island, October 13-15, 1999.Med Health R I
AS De Groot, EH Jackson, E Stubblefield,
633819.56113669472000.06.27+ Problem prison pill policy.WORLD
J Greenspan,
633919.5683480141993.09.13+ Testing for HIV.Can Fam Physician
P Rutter,
634019.5524882911991.05.02+ Providing high quality, low cost legal services to people with AIDS: an antidiscrimination law project.AIDS Care
M Barnes, DM Greenberg, L Pinsky,
634119.5527371761989.07.31++Psychophysical relation between perceived threat of AIDS and willingness to impose social restrictions.Health Psychol
T Hogan,
Psychophysical methods were applied to measure and analyze attitudes toward the threat and control of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Participants rated and gave magnitude estimations for the amount of social restriction in 12 possibilities for controlling AIDS. The relation between ratings and magnitude estimations was curvilinear, meaning that the high end of a rating scale may mask large differences in magnitudes. Perceived threat to society increased as the estimated number of people with the virus increased. The amount of social restriction imposed was a negatively accelerated growth function of increasing levels of threat. The negative acceleration was probably due to ethical considerations associated with more stringent methods of control. The methodology involved in this experiment could be useful in evaluating public attitudes toward AIDS and other complex health issues and could provide additional information for making education and policy decisions.
634219.5416409651992.09.02+ Pregnancy and HIV.N Engl J Med
E Cooper, K Anastos, D Futterman, C Lynch, C Marte, A Pivnick,
634319.5412970751993.04.28+ A breach of trust?Nurs Times
K de Selincourt,
634419.54108939572000.09.26+ [Discussed with a current case: physician confidentiality issue in conflict]MMW Fortschr Med
W Paukstadt,
634519.5491870711997.06.18++Physician-assisted death in psychiatric practice in the Netherlands.N Engl J Med
JH Groenewoud, PJ van der Maas, G van der Wal, MW Hengeveld, AJ Tholen, WJ Schudel, A van der Heide,
BACKGROUND: In 1994 the Dutch Supreme Court ruled that in exceptional instances, physician-assisted suicide might be justifiable for patients with unbearable mental suffering but no physical illness. We studied physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia in psychiatric practice in the Netherlands. METHODS: In 1996, we sent questionnaires to 673 Dutch psychiatrists - about half of all such specialists in the country - and received 552 responses from the 667 who met the study criteria (response rate, 83 percent). We estimated the annual frequencies of requests for physician-assisted suicide by psychiatrists and actual instances of assistance. RESULTS: Of the respondents, 205 (37 percent) had at least once received an explicit, persistent request for physician-assisted suicide and 12 had complied. We estimate there are 320 requests a year in psychiatric practice and 2 to 5 assisted suicides. Excluding those who had ever assisted, 345 of the respondents (64 percent) thought physician-assisted suicide because of a mental disorder could be acceptable, including 241 who said they could conceive of instances in which they themselves would be willing to assist. The most frequent reasons for refusing were the belief that the patient had a treatable mental disorder, opposition to assisted suicide in principle, and doubt that the suffering was unbearable or hopeless. Most, but not all, patients who had been assisted by their psychiatrists in suicide had both a mental disorder and a serious physical illness, often in a terminal phase. Thirty percent of the respondents had been consulted at least once by a physician in another specialty about a patient's request for assisted death. The annual number of such consultations was estimated at 310, about 3 percent of the estimated 9700 requests for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide in medical practice. CONCLUSIONS: Explicit requests for physician-assisted suicide are not uncommon in psychiatric practice in the Netherlands, but these requests are rarely granted. Psychiatric consultation for medical patients who request physician-assisted death is relatively rare.
634619.53145939892003.11.21+ [Confidential and free screening centers. Listening and daily prevention]Rev Infirm
H Delmotte,
634719.53103378451999.06.03++Diagnosis disclosure by family caregivers to children who have perinatally acquired HIV disease: when the time comes.Nurs Res
SW Ledlie,
BACKGROUND: Children with perinatally acquired HIV disease (PAHD) can be relatively symptom-free and live to school age and older. These children often confront their caregivers with questions about the illness and complex treatments; however, caregivers may try to avoid disclosing the diagnosis of PAHD to the child. PURPOSE: To generate a substantive theory that describes and explains how family caregivers manage diagnosis disclosure to a child who has PAHD. METHOD: Using grounded theory, a substantive theory was constructed based on the accounts of 18 ethnically diverse families. Eight families had 10 children with PAHD who had been told their diagnosis. Ten families had 10 children with PAHD who had not been told their diagnosis. RESULTS: The basic social psychological problem was identified as caregiver readiness to disclose the diagnosis. When the Time Comes was identified as the central phenomenon linked to the problem of caregiver readiness. Causal conditions, intervening conditions, and strategic responses of caregivers and children were discovered and are inextricably linked to the central phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS: The process by which family caregivers respond to diagnosis disclosure to children with PAHD is based on the perceived self-readiness of the caregiver to disclose the diagnosis and illness-related information to their child.
634819.5320031961991.04.18 HIV testing: whose rights should prevail?RN
634919.52117263682001.12.21++What is community? An evidence-based definition for participatory public health.Am J Public Health
KM MacQueen, E McLellan, DS Metzger, S Kegeles, RP Strauss, R Scotti, L Blanchard, RT Trotter,
Increased emphasis on community collaboration indicates the need for consensus regarding the definition of community within public health. This study examined whether members of diverse US communities described community in similar ways. To identify strategies to support community collaboration in HIV vaccine trials, qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 African Americans in Durham, NC; 26 gay men in San Francisco, Calif; 25 injection drug users in Philadelphia, Pa; and 42 HIV vaccine researchers across the United States. Verbatim responses to the question "What does the word community mean to you?" were analyzed. Cluster analysis was used to identify similarities in the way community was described. A common definition of community emerged as a group of people with diverse characteristics who are linked by social ties, share common perspectives, and engage in joint action in geographical locations or settings. The participants differed in the emphasis they placed on particular elements of the definition. Community was defined similarly but experienced differently by people with diverse backgrounds. These results parallel similar social science findings and confirm the viability of a common definition for participatory public health.
635019.52116635911979.04.01+ Media on death and dying.Omega (Westport)
P Duke,
635119.5214704321993.01.26+ ADA protects the HIV-positive.Occup Health Saf
S Essig,
635219.5295740671998.09.03+ [Seropositivity. Legislation]Soins
S Chebili, A Abaoub,
635319.52123609732002.10.11 Guilty or not, judge orders man to undergo HIV testing.AIDS Policy Law
635419.5184512111993.04.14++HIV infection in traditional rural communities.Nurs Clin North Am
VL Carwein, CE Sabo, DE Berry,
The challenge to rural nurses to deliver knowledgeable and skilled nursing and health care to individuals with HIV infection and AIDS is indeed tremendous. Isolation of rural communities and health care facilities coupled with limited resources, financial concerns, conservative values of many traditional rural communities, and the tendency to exclude those who do not conform to community norms make it difficult to integrate the individual with HIV disease into the rural health care delivery system fully. Issues of particular concern to the rural nurse include maintenance of client confidentiality, obtaining and maintaining current knowledge and skills necessary to the provision of quality HIV nursing care, management of complex client health care problems, and provision of appropriate support services. Rural nurses must be innovative and creative in developing mechanisms to deal with these concerns. In addition, because rural nurses are well respected by the community and viewed as possessing a great deal of expertise in the delivery of health care, they are well positioned to provide leadership to the community in developing educational and care strategies to more effectively provide HIV care. Indeed, the delivery of high-quality HIV care in rural areas across the United States will likely depend on the expertise and leadership provided by rural nurses.
635519.5177565161995.06.29+ Mandatory screening of pregnant women for human immunodeficiency virus.Clin Infect Dis
AJ Stahl, RM Smith, O Schaening, LI Lutwick,
635619.51159773332005.09.20++Patent law--balancing profit maximization and public access to technology.
A Beckerman-Rodau,
This article addresses the contemporary issue of balancing the need for patent protection for intellectual property with the resulting restriction of public access to new technology. The author argues that patent law protects private property rights rather than creating monopolies. Additionally, the author discusses how restricting access to patented technology, such as pharmaceuticals, can affect public health problems, such as the HIV/AIDS epidemic in developing nations. The author then concludes with some proposals for making patented technology available to people in developing nations who need access to such technology but who are unable to afford its high costs due to patent protection.
635719.5116136691992.07.29++A model predicting dentists' willingness to treat HIV-positive patients.J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
D Sadowsky, C Kunzel,
Data for this study of dentists' willingness to treat HIV-positive (HIV+) individuals were derived from a survey of a probability sample of American general practitioner dentists (GPD). Data were received from 1,351 active GPD, which represented an 88% response rate. Because the outcome measure--willingness to treat HIV+ patients--is dichotomous, i.e., yes/no, logistic regression was selected as the statistical technique to be used for the creation of a predictive model. Seventeen independent variables were initially considered. The final and most parsimonious model contains six independent variables, of which perceived safety in treating HIV+ patients has the most predictive power. Fear of consequences for the practice, if HIV+ patients were seen, was also a powerful predictor, with a sense of ethical responsibility and a past history of treating HIV+ patients also being important predictive variables. Knowledge level about transmission of HIV and concern about risks associated with treating homosexuals were also significant.
635819.51101669721997.06.12 Practice brief. Issue: Managing health information relating to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). American Health Information Management Association.J AHIMA
635919.51147438062004.02.04++Inter-American Commission on Human Rights hold hearing on access to treatment in Latin America and the Caribbean.Can HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev
R Elliott,
In a historic development, non-governmental HIV/AIDS organizations in Latin America and the Caribbean presented a joint report on access to comprehensive care, including antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on 16 October 2002.
636019.51167919522006.06.28 FDA issues guidance about HIV vaccine study.AIDS Alert
636119.50146269492003.12.04 Criminal transmission. Accused loses claim that racial bias led to tougher sentence.AIDS Policy Law
636219.50163659812006.01.23 +HIV/AIDS in the courts--Canada. Landlord found to have discriminated based on HIV status.HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev
The British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal (the Tribunal) has allowed a claim for discrimination against a Vancouver landlord who refused to rent an apartment to a couple, both of whom were living with HIV/AIDS.
636319.5076198671995.08.31++Antenatal testing for HIV antibody: problems of documentation and record.AIDS Care
F Dalzell, AG Farkas, J Hawken, CN Hudson,
The objective of this study was to audit an ante-natal HIV screening programme by observing the congruence of documentation of consent between case notes and request forms; correlation of testing with prior agreement to be tested; and recording documentation that the test had been offered but declined in women who were not tested. The design was one of retrospective case note review of 538 women drawn from an inner city teaching hospital. There was documentation of invitation to undergo HIV testing in 415 (77%) cases. Test documentation was absent in 123 (23%) cases which represent 37% of those for whom a test was not performed. HIV testing was performed in 205 (38%) cases. There was discrepancy between documentation of consent to testing on the laboratory request form and in the notes. Some blood specimens of women agreeing to be tested were apparently never received in the laboratory. Incomplete documentation and a low test uptake suggests a low acceptance. However, without adequate documentation it cannot be determined in those not tested whether the test was declined or whether the invitation was either never extended, or not implemented after acceptance. Audit of implementation and staff compliance should be established at the outset of any universal testing programme.
636419.4927763761989.10.18+ Perinatal transmission of HIV infection: the ethics of prevention.Clin Obstet Gynecol
R Bayer,
636519.4918657741991.09.06++AIDS: a right to be informed.Med Law
MC Herbst,
Individuals have to assume some responsibility for their own health. Governments do, however, have a duty to ensure that their citizens are armed with the necessary information and education. At present there appears to be a serious degree of ignorance about sexually transmitted disease in general and AIDS in particular. The importance of disseminating information on this topic is discussed.
636619.4985009501993.07.01++Thinking and rethinking AIDS: implications for health policy.Int J Health Serv
E Fee, N Krieger,
In the United States, we see three main phases in the construction of the history of AIDS, with each having very different implications for health and social policy. In the first, AIDS was conceived of as an epidemic disease, a "gay plague," by analogy to the sudden, devastating epidemics of the past. In the second, it was normalized as a chronic disease, similar in many ways to diseases such as cancer. In the third, the authors propose a new historical model of a slow-moving, long-lasting pandemic, a chronic infectious ailment manifested through myriad specific HIV-related diseases. The new paradigm of AIDS incorporates the positive aspects of both earlier conceptions. It emphasizes, like the plague model, the etiology, transmission, and prevention of disease but rejects its assumption of a time-limited crisis. It takes from the chronic disease model an appropriate time frame and concern with the clinical management of protracted illness but insists on the primacy of prevention. The authors criticize both infectious and chronic disease models for their individualistic conceptions of disease and their narrow strategies for disease prevention. They further argue that the traditional distinction between, and approaches to, infectious and chronic diseases need to be rethought for other diseases as well as for AIDS.
636719.4926145591990.03.15+ HIV disease: a perspective from rural medicine.J Okla State Med Assoc
JM Pontious,
636819.49128671022003.07.30 Pharmaceutical interests versus AIDS in Africa.Lancet
636919.49118331892002.02.22++HIV vaccine: ethics and human rights.Can HIV AIDS Policy Law Newsl
M Kirby,
The ethical dilemmas of vaccine development are particularly acute with respect to HIV because of the nature of the virus itself and the social setting of prejudice and stigma in which the virus operates, argues Justice Michael Kirby in an article first printed in the [Australian] National AIDS Bulletin, reprinted here with permission.
637019.48123465642000.02.03 Global prevention, funding, accountability debated in fight against HIV / AIDS.
637119.4876327881995.09.11++Commitment, value conflicts and role strains among French GPs in care for HIV positive patients.AIDS Care
M Morin, Y Obadia, JP Moatti, M Souville,
A survey was carried out on a random sample of GPs in the city of Marseille. 18.5% had been involved during the past year in a regular follow-up of HIV patients. They were in charge with 79.8% of all ambulatory care of HIV+ patients. Those informally 'specialized' professionals were connected to health networks (not only hospital structures but also associations dealing with commitment in care). Socio-biographical factors, training and environmental opportunities and ideological orientations would positively relate with commitment in care. GPs who were not involved with care, would worry more about personal risk of contamination; would not believe that wearing gloves could be a sufficient protection when doing invasive procedures; would feel less at ease with HIV patients, would be more strongly in favor of coercive measures with IVDU's. Most GP's would agree to avoid drug users HIV+ patients. They would attribute to them more guilt and responsibility than to other patients. Uncertainty concerning relevant knowledge, negative attitudes towards some patients like IVDU's and anticipated difficulties to deal with ethical and relational dilemmas keep limiting GPs interest and positive motivation in care for HIV patients.
637219.4816719031991.04.05 HIV in prisons.Lancet
637319.48101192891992.08.21++Health care and AIDS.Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci
J Peck, C Bezold,
The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a harbinger for change in health care. There are many powerful forces poised to transform the industrialized health care structure of the twentieth century, and AIDS may act as either a catalyst or an amplifier for these forces. AIDS could, for example, swamp local resources and thereby help trigger national reform in a health care system that has already lost public confidence. AIDS can also hasten the paradigm shift that is occurring throughout health care. Many of the choices society will confront when dealing with AIDS carry implications beyond health care. Information about who has the disease, for example, already pits traditional individual rights against group interests. Future information systems could make discrimination based upon medical records a nightmare for a growing number of individuals. Yet these systems also offer the hope of accelerated progress against not only AIDS but other major health threats as well. The policy choices that will define society's response to AIDS can best be made in the context of a clearly articulated vision of a society that reflects our deepest values.
637419.4784566171993.04.20++Premarital sexuality: a five-year follow-up study of attitudes and behavior by dating stage.Adolescence
JP Roche, TW Ramsbey,
This paper presents the results of a survey on premarital sex conducted in 1988. The study focused on what respondents considered proper sexual behavior, what they reported they did, and what they thought others were doing at five stages of dating. Respondents were asked about cohabitation, the effect of AIDS on their premarital attitudes and behavior, and their views regarding the morality of premarital sex. When compared to the results of a similar study conducted in 1983, the data provided some evidence of change in premarital sexual attitudes and behavior. Female respondents in the 1988 sample showed lower levels of sexual intercourse at all five dating stages than did their counterparts in the 1983 study. However, males in the 1988 sample reported higher levels of sexual intercourse for the first four stages of dating than did males in the 1983 survey. In general, both males and females in the 1988 sample reported changing their attitudes and behavior regarding premarital sex in the direction of greater conservatism since hearing about AIDS. Attitudinal change was more widespread than actual behavioral change.
637519.4693657571998.02.10+ HIV partner notification: taking a new look.AIDS
KA Fenton, TA Peterman,
637619.46146965462004.01.05 Protests launched against Cirque du Soleil for HIV bias.AIDS Policy Law
637719.4520832631991.05.16++Complacency, risk perception and the problem of HIV education.AIDS Care
G MacDonald, C Smith,
Many public surveys on the issue of HIV and AIDS have concentrated on the relationship between attitudes and knowledge. Often this relationship has been found wanting or at most tenuous. A recent survey of 1,002 people in Wales has supported these earlier findings, but found additionally that discriminatory and complacent attitudes on AIDS or towards people with the 'AIDS virus' are held by a significant proportion of the population. The survey also discovered that people correctly perceive the risk of HIV infection as being minimal. Depending on the question 17%-65% of the sample expressed discriminatory attitudes towards people that have the 'AIDS virus'. There was also no marked change over previous surveys in the degree of complacency surrounding AIDS. Younger people (aged (15-34) considered themselves to be more at risk of infection with the 'AIDS virus' but overall the perceived risk of infection was low. A sustained low key education programme in a variety of settings and independent of perceived risk is necessary to combat prejudice and complacency.
637819.4533398431988.03.21+ AIDS and suicide.JAMA
RM Glass,
637919.4590964771997.09.25 HIV/AIDS notification to partners.N J Nurse
638019.45113665872000.05.09 What if HIV becomes a managable condition?AIDS Policy Law
638119.4584586171993.04.23 Appeals court: HIV-infected surgeons can be liable for not informing patients ... Rossi v. Almarez.Hospitals
638219.45119635362002.06.07++[Children's medical records, HIV and confidentiality: practices and attitudes of physicians and families]Sante Publique
P Suesser, S Letrait, B Welniarz,
The aim of this study is to describe the attitudes and practices of doctors and families regarding the use of the individual child health journal, especially by exploring the contradictions between the validity and confidentiality of its content, in particular with respect to HIV infection. In order to accomplish this, both doctors (N = 380) and families (N = 242) were questioned, most of them living and working in Seine-Saint-Denis, the metropolitan district with the third highest prevalence rate of HIV. The findings indicate that: most families are not always prepared to make sure that the confidential use of the child's health journal is maintained, and even less so those affected by HIV; doctors refrain from recording certain psychological and even medical data in the child health journal for fear of the information's misuse within the social sphere; doctors as well as families expressed their preoccupations concerning the confidentiality of the child health journal, essentially with respect to its content and how it is used in various contexts. A number of possibilities are proposed by the study's participants: establish a vaccination record separate from the child health journal, educate parents on how to maintain its confidential use and train the health workers to this end.
638319.45107110222000.03.16+ Confidentiality. 6: HIV/AIDS patients and the duty of confidentiality.Br J Nurs
B Dimond,
638419.44158328362005.07.07++Reducing discriminatory attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Hong Kong: an intervention study using an integrated knowledge-based PLWHA participation and cognitive approach.AIDS Care
JT Lau, HY Tsui, K Chan,
The present paper describes the development and evaluation of an intervention programme aiming to reduce adolescents' discriminatory attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The intervention programme integrates components of 'virtual interaction' with PLWHA (watching a documentary), knowledge enhancement and a simple cognitive exercise. To evaluate its effectiveness, the programme was implemented to about 600 form 3-4 (grade 9-10) students of three secondary schools in Hong Kong. Using a structured questionnaire, the level of discriminatory attitudes toward PLWHA, knowledge about HIV/AIDS and perceptions about PLWHA, etc. were measured before and after the implementation of the programme. A notable improvement on the level of acceptance of PLWHA and knowledge about HIV/AIDS was found after the implementation of the programme. Negative perceptions about PLWHA also reduced substantially. For instance, before the programme, over one-third (35.7%) of all respondents believed that the majority of PLWHA were promiscuous; the figure dropped to 15.8% after exposure to the programme (adjusted odds ratio = 0.35, p < 0.001). Further, some gender differences were observed. Female respondents tended to be less discriminatory toward PLWHA and responded more favourably to the programme than their male counterparts.
638519.44108704072000.07.28+ HIV confidentiality law has serious flaws.Pa Med
JW Mills,
638619.44101706841991.04.11++Health issue advertising.J Hosp Mark
LJ Coleman, EM Haran,
"Americans say that the battle against drugs is the chief issue facing the nation" (McQueen and Shribman, 1989). The Wall Street Journal/NBC poll conducted by Peter Hart and Robert Teeter shows a public willingness to experiment with a wide variety of anti-drug efforts. "No single issue has so riveted the nation's attention since the 1982 recession," Messers. Hart and Teeter say in their analysis of the poll. They add that respondents seem willing to try almost anything to solve the drug problem (ibid). How can and does marketing affect this process? This paper will examine some of the methods and effectiveness of advertising in regard to this very timely health issue and societal challenge. For the purposes of this paper, drug discussions refer to alcohol as well. Social marketing in general will be addressed.
638719.44164329332006.03.28 Disclosure. Workplace discrimination case survives dismissal motion.AIDS Policy Law
638819.43129081192003.08.29++The impact of touch-tone data entry on reports of HIV and STD risk behaviors in telephone interviews.J Sex Res
SJ Blumberg, ML Cynamon, L Osborn, L Olson,
Respondents concerns about privacy can decrease reporting of HIV and STD risk behaviors in general population telephone surveys. The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of an experimental study evaluating whether one method for increasing privacy, touch-tone data entry (TTDE), is effective in increasing estimates of sexual behaviors from a population-based survey. We conducted a random-digit-dial telephone survey of adults in New Jersey (n = 405), with half the respondents using TTDE for answering sexual behavior questions. TTDE led to increased reports of same-sex sexual behavior, certain HIV and STD risk factors, and concern about one s risk for HIV and STD transmission. TTDE also narrowed the difference between men s and women s reports of the number of different sexual partners over the past 10 years. The feasibility and limitations of TTDE are discussed, as well as possible alternative interpretations that consider the impact of TTDE on the dynamics of the interaction between the respondent and the interviewer.
638919.43113651891998.06.05+ Bragdon vs Abbott: US Supreme Court set to re-examine HIV as a disability.J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care
J Zuniga,
639019.43162517852006.05.05++HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and risk perception amongst nurses, doctors and other healthcare workers in rural India.Indian J Med Res
M Kermode, W Holmes, B Langkham, MS Thomas, S Gifford,
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: People with HIV in India frequently encounter discrimination while seeking and receiving healthcare services. The knowledge and attitudes of healthcare workers (HCWs) influences the willingness and ability of people with HIV to access care, and the quality of the care they receive. Previous studies of HIV-related knowledge and attitudes amongst Indian HCWs have been conducted primarily in large urban hospitals. The objective of this study was to asses HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and risk perception among a group of rural north Indian HCWs, and to identify predictors of willingness to provide care for patients with HIV infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 266 HCWs (78% female) from seven rural north Indian health settings was undertaken in late 2002. A self-administered written questionnaire was made available in English and Hindi, and the response rate was 87 per cent. Information was gathered regarding demographic details (age, sex, duration of employment, job category); HIV-related knowledge and attitudes; risk perception; and previous experience caring for HIV-positive patients. Logistic regression modelling was undertaken to identify factors associated with willingness to care for patients with HIV. RESULTS: The HCWs in this study generally had a positive attitude to caring for people with HIV. However, this was tempered by substantial concerns about providing care, and the risk of occupational infection with HIV was perceived by most HCWs to be high. After controlling for confounding, HCWs willingness to provide care for patients with HIV was strongly associated with having previously cared for patients with HIV (P = 0.001). Knowledge of HIV transmission and perception of risk were not associated with willingness to provide care. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed a general willingness of HCWs to provide care for patients with HIV, tempered by concerns regarding provision of such care. Strategies to address HCWs concerns are likely to ameliorate the discrimination experienced by people with HIV when accessing healthcare services. These include the development of programmes to promote occupational safety of HCWs and involving people with HIV in awareness training of HCWs.
639119.4387178971996.09.23+ Nurse writes "HIV+" on lab order: test without consent.Regan Rep Nurs Law
AD Tammelleo,
639219.42153009312004.08.12 Disclosure. Protected records under review in sexual assault case.AIDS Policy Law
639319.42113632951996.05.01 HIV-positive prison inmate loses bid for early release.AIDS Policy Law
639419.42114839422001.08.16++Posthumous reproduction in a human immunodeficiency virus-discordant couple.Am J Obstet Gynecol
MV Sauer, PL Chang,
A human immunodeficiency virus-discordant couple failed to conceive through in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection of cryopreserved semen banked by the human immunodeficiency virus-positive partner. The husband subsequently had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and died. The subsequent transfer of cryopreserved embryos resulted in pregnancy. Both mother and child are human immunodeficiency virus negative.
639519.42118096272002.02.19+ AIDS and global justice.BMJ
G Yamey, WW Rankin,
639619.41168716482006.09.12 New testing law in Alabama.AIDS Patient Care STDS
639719.41167919142006.06.28 New York groups battle over HIV testing consent policies.AIDS Policy Law
639819.4179356631994.11.03+ Ethical challenges posed by zidovudine treatment to reduce vertical transmission of HIV.N Engl J Med
R Bayer,
639919.41158808572005.05.12 Disclosure. HIV status can be disclosed to employer in some claims.AIDS Policy Law
640019.41121791991996.10.01+ A constitution for AIDS.Indian Med Trib
LM Koshy,
640119.40147654742004.02.11++HIV vaccines: current challenges and future directions.Can HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev
S Avrett, C Collins,
Volume seven of the Review will mark the tenth anniversary of the Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network with a series of articles that describe past developments and future directions in several areas of policy and law related to HIV/AIDS. The following article is the first of these, discussing current challenges and future directions in the development of and access to HIV vaccines. It argues that governments are under public health, ethical, and legal obligations to develop and provide access to HIV vaccines. It further explains what is required for governments to fulfill their obligations: additional commitment and resources for HIV vaccine development in the context of increased global research and development regarding diseases of the poor; increased support and advocacy for partnerships to develop HIV vaccines; enhanced regulatory capacity in every country to review, approve, and monitor HIV vaccines; and assurance of global supply of, procurement of, delivery of, and access to vaccines in the context of efforts to increase global access to public health measures and technologies.
640219.40149744022004.03.01 Discrimination. ACLU documents abuses against people with HIV.AIDS Policy Law
640319.40121663832002.08.20 Discrimination. Judge won't dismiss suit charging police with job bias.AIDS Policy Law
640419.4037811201987.01.21+ AIDS and clinical ethics: honoring patients' dignity.Dimens Health Serv
DJ Roy, C Tsoukas,
640519.39161008062005.10.05+ AIDS and ethical responsibility: some Halachic considerations.J Reform Jud
M Washofsky,
640619.39113627841995.10.25 Rx for rural AIDS: more funds, community support.AIDS Alert
640719.39128894492003.08.01+ Patients who want to stop their medications: treatment interruptions in HIV infection.AIDS Read
SC Ball,
640819.38156280012005.03.29 Serostatus not confidential in public housing debate.AIDS Policy Law
640919.3898455101998.12.14+ Postexposure chemoprophylaxis against HIV: what are the implications for people with AIDS and the organizations that serve them?Am J Med
D Hodel,
641019.38160362262005.10.11++AIDS-related discrimination in Asia.AIDS Care
S Paxton, G Gonzales, K Uppakaew, KK Abraham, S Okta, C Green, KS Nair, TP Merati, B Thephthien, M Marin, A Quesada,
The Asia Pacific Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS (APN+) conducted the first regional documentation of AIDS-related discrimination in Asia. This project was an action-based, peer-implemented study that aimed to develop an understanding of the nature, pattern and extent of AIDS-related discrimination in several Asian countries. Trained HIV-positive people interviewed 764 positive people in four countries (India 302; Indonesia 42; Thailand 338; the Philippines 82) using a structured questionnaire. Findings indicate that the major area of discrimination in each country is within the health sector, where over half of those surveyed experienced some form of discrimination. In all countries, the majority of people did not receive pre-test counselling before being tested for HIV. People who reported coerced testing were significantly more likely than other respondents to face subsequent AIDS-related discrimination. A considerable number of respondents were refused treatment after being diagnosed with HIV and many experienced delayed provision of treatment or health services. Breaches of confidentiality by health workers were common. Within the family and the community, women were significantly more likely to experience discrimination than men, including ridicule and harassment, physical assault and being forced to change their place of residence because of their HIV status. These findings have serious implications, particularly in light of the increasing trend in many countries to test all pregnant women in order to prevent transmission of HIV to their unborn children.
641119.37169095002006.08.23+ Gates won't fund AIDS researchers unless they pool data.Wall St J (East Ed)
M Chase,
641219.37160153932005.11.08++Complexities in HIV consent in adolescents.Clin Pediatr (Phila)
WW Ho, J Brandfield, R Retkin, D Laraque,
A large proportion of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are adolescents. Unfortunately, there is no uniform policy on minors' rights to consent to HIV testing and treatment. The process of obtaining consent is complex and depends on several factors, including individual state HIV laws and laws relating to a minor's capacity to consent to general health care. These issues are particularly relevant given the growth of HIV in this population. In this review, the complex laws of informed consent and confidentiality surrounding HIV disease in adolescents are reviewed. Familiarity with these laws by the clinician is essential to halting the HIV epidemic in adolescents and will be underscored.
641319.3729022781988.11.07 AIDS and the workplace.Lancet
641419.3729198991989.03.29++Human immunodeficiency virus and the cardiac surgeon: a survey of attitudes.Ann Thorac Surg
D Condit, RW Frater,
The decision to operate on carriers of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who need an urgent cardiac operation is difficult. There is a lack of knowledge about the effect of the presence of HIV on operative risk, about the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the progression of HIV infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and about the risk to the cardiac surgical team of operating on 1 or more HIV carriers. This lack of knowledge is exacerbated by the strict regulations surrounding testing. We polled the board-certified cardiac surgeons in the United States on their willingness to perform open cardiac procedures on HIV carriers and AIDS patients. Fifty-three percent of the surgeons responded. Two thirds of them will operate on HIV carriers who need an urgent cardiac operation but regard the presence of AIDS as a contraindication to cardiopulmonary bypass. This is presumably a medical judgment. Those who will not operate on HIV carriers are apparently motivated by fear rather than moral judgments concerning the patients. Virtually all surgeons want to be able to test "high-risk" patients, and a substantial majority would test all patients.
641519.3614070751992.11.25+ Denials from dialysis units were "flagrant," says GWU social worker. Interview by Mark E. Neumann.Nephrol News Issues
E Tansill,
641619.36156149502005.02.22 Colorado complaint grounded in ADA principles.AIDS Policy Law
641719.3534055731988.09.19+ Restraining order for medical insurance urgent attempt to assist AIDS victims.Occup Health Saf
CR Goerth,
641819.3588288761996.11.13++Anonymous HIV testing in the Canadian aboriginal population.Can Fam Physician
AL Tseng,
Reported numbers of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases among Canadian aboriginal peoples are currently relatively low. However, any increase in these numbers could have devastating human, social, and economic costs. Education and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus transmission are the most efficient and cost-effective measures available today. This paper discusses the role of anonymous HIV testing in effective HIV prevention in the Canadian aboriginal population.
641919.35118331532002.02.22++Panel recommends significant changes to federal law against discrimination.Can HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev
R Elliott,
In a report released on 23 June 2000, the Review Panel tasked by the federal Minister of Justice with reviewing the Canadian Human Rights Act made some welcome recommendations for improving the Act and the way the Canadian Human Rights Commission functions. Three are of particular significance: the recommendation that "social condition" be added to the prohibited grounds for discrimination listed in the Act; the recommendation that the Canadian Human Rights Commission should have, under its governing legislation, the duty to monitor and report to Parliament and the UN Human Rights Committee on the federal government's compliance with international human rights treaties regarding economic, social, and cultural rights; and the recommendation that "gender identity" should be expressly added to the Act as a prohibited ground of discrimination.
642019.3423662741990.08.13 Physicians and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.JAMA
642119.3429777811989.07.13 Report addresses ethical ramifications of refusing to treat patients with AIDS or patients who are HIV seropositive.Hawaii Dent J
642219.34118370162002.02.28+ Federal Court denies asylum, rejects claim that lack of adequate medical care is persecution.Can HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev
R Elliott,
642319.3475624461995.10.30++Legal implications of treating patients with HIV.J Am Podiatr Med Assoc
M Katine,
The status of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often has significant impact on a physician's willingness and ability to provide quality medical care. A physician may face substantial penalties for refusing to treat a patient with HIV. Even the referral of a patient with HIV to a specialist in the disease may constitute a discriminatory act. The law provides certain guidelines which, if followed, may help keep the physician out of the courtroom.
642419.3436687991987.12.09+ AIDS. A physician responds: confidentiality may kill.J Christ Nurs
WM McClatchey,
642519.3489490941997.01.02+ HIV/AIDS. Part II: the role of the nurse.Nurs Times
H Macgregor,
642619.3318400701992.07.02++Psychosocial aspects of treating the HIV-infected dental patient.J Law Ethics Dent
M Glick, VC Rogers,
As the number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive individuals and persons diagnosed with clinical acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) increases, dentists will find it increasingly difficult either to avoid caring for this group of patients or to justify referral. While clinical management alone has posed a new role for dentistry in the HIV epidemic, the psychosocial dimensions of patient care are presenting even more challenging difficulties for the profession. General dentists, especially, have heretofore not faced the need to address the special needs of patients known to have terminal infectious disease. Treating HIV-seropositive and AIDS patients will produce psychosocial difficulties normally not encountered by the dental team. There is a need to understand the psychosocial issues affecting the patient as well as the dental provider, in order to implement changes in our educational approach to future patient management.
642719.33118331542002.02.22++Victory for transgendered people in gaining protection against discrimination.Can HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev
R Elliott,
On 7 June 2000, the BC Supreme Court rejected an attempt by the Vancouver Rape Relief Society to prevent the provincial human rights commission from hearing a complaint that it had discriminated against a transgendered woman. Kimberly Nixon filed a complaint with the BC Human Rights Commission in August 1995, alleging that the Vancouver Rape Relief Society had refused to allow her to work as a volunteer counselor because she had not been biologically female at birth.
642819.33113621681995.02.17 AIDS caregivers struggling with assisted suicide.AIDS Alert
642919.33116510211991.12.03+ Optimizing the informed consent process with elderly people.Educ Gerontol
AJ Tymchuk, JG Ouslander,
643019.32156511082005.03.07 Consumers: businesses should get involved in AIDS fight.AIDS Policy Law
643119.3278392631995.02.28+ HIV testing in the insurance industry.S Afr Med J
JA van der Merwe,
643219.32157899842005.04.20+ AIDS: the attitudes and experience of final year European dental students.J Ir Dent Assoc
IP O'Leary,
643319.3297326111998.09.17 +Transmission of HIV from mother to child.Nurs Stand
Over 4,000 cases of women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been reported from every area of the UK (PHLS 1997). There are over 300 births each year to HIV-positive mothers, with the highest prevalence in London. This joint report finds that HIV-positive women are generally not offered routine testing and treatment, and recommends that a programme to prevent the transmission of HIV from mother to baby is needed urgently.
643419.3178392541995.02.28++HIV testing and informed consent--ethical considerations.S Afr Med J
GR McLean, T Jenkins,
One of the authors (T.J.) was invited by the AIDS Advisory Group to form a widely representative committee to recommend ethical guidelines concerning the extent to which HIV testing should receive informed consent. This paper presents and argues for the recommended guidelines. The question is considered with regard to a number of distinct purposes of HIV testing: the care of a patient; research; blood, tissue and organ donation; and the protection of third parties, including the health care worker. We contend that in each case there is no good reason for the requirement of informed consent to be significantly waived.
643519.31104002661999.08.12++Stories of illness and trauma survival: liberation or repression?Soc Sci Med
ML Crossley,
This paper aims to expand upon recent research addressing the relationship between power and cultural stories of illness. It does this by exploring the stories of 'healing' and 'survival' produced by people who have undergone traumatic experiences such as childhood sexual abuse and a HIV positive diagnosis. The liberating and/or repressive potential of cultural stories of illness are defined in accordance with their capacity to produce 'minimal' or more 'reflective' selves, as characterised by Lasch [Lasch, C., 1985. The Minimal Self. Picador, London.] and Giddens [Giddens, A., 1991. Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Later Modern Age. Polity Press, Cambridge.], respectively. Two predominant stories of survival are identified in this paper: the 'healing' story and the 'normalising' story. Each of these are explored in an attempt to address the question: How do we distinguish between 'liberating' and 'repressing' technologies of the self with regard to the telling of illness stories? [Frank, A., 1998. Stories of illness as care of the self: a Foucauldian dialogue. Health 2(3), 329-348, forthcoming.]. Through an examination of survivors' attempts to overcome their traumatic experiences via the appropriation of various illness stories, it is concluded that this question can only be answered in the practical and social context of each individual's life.
643619.3194412271998.01.22+ Battling HIV on many fronts.N Engl J Med
M Adams, C Hanssens, T Lazarus,
643719.31151365372004.06.17+ Amended patent legislation still flawed.CMAJ
L Eggertson,
643819.3120203101991.05.30+ [Advice to patients in relation with HIV-antigen testing]Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd
SA Danner,
643919.3119908631991.03.07++Security measures for AIDS and HIV.Am J Public Health
CG Torres, ME Turner, JR Harkess, GR Istre,
This study describes the measures being taken by AIDS surveillance offices across the country to ensure the security of information regarding patients with AIDS and HIV infection. Security measures were evaluated according to the cumulative number of AIDS cases reported, whether partner notification services were provided, and whether HIV seropositive reporting by name was also required. This study showed that public health departments have taken extra steps to ensure the security of AIDS and HIV data.
644019.30168497662006.08.09++Why do patients choose chemotherapy near the end of life? A review of the perspective of those facing death from cancer.J Clin Oncol
R Matsuyama, S Reddy, TJ Smith,
PURPOSE: The number of patients receiving chemotherapy near the end of life is increasing, as are concerns about goals of treatment, toxicity, and costs. We sought to determine the available sources of knowledge, the choices, and concerns of actual patients, and how patients balanced competing issues. METHODS: We used a literature search from 1980 to present. RESULTS: Available patient sources provide little information about prognosis, choices, alternatives, consequences, or how to choose. Many patients would choose chemotherapy for a small benefit in health outcomes, and for a smaller benefit than perceived by their health care providers for their own treatment. Adverse effects are less a concern for patients than for their well health care providers. There are no decision aids to assist patients with metastatic disease in making their choices, such as there are for adjuvant breast therapy. CONCLUSION: The perspective of the patient is different from that of a well person. Patients are willing to undergo treatments that have small benefits with major toxicity. Receiving realistic information about the different options of care and the likelihood of successful treatment or adverse effects is difficult. These factors may explain some of the increased use of chemotherapy near the end of life. Decision aids and honest, unbiased sources to inform patients of their prognosis, choices, consequences, typical outcomes, and ways to make decisions are needed. More prospective information about how patients make their choices, and what they would consider a good choice, would assist informed decision making.
644119.3090083761997.03.13++Empathy and attitudes: can feeling for a member of a stigmatized group improve feelings toward the group?J Pers Soc Psychol
CD Batson, MP Polycarpou, E Harmon-Jones, HJ Imhoff, EC Mitchener, LL Bednar, TR Klein, L Highberger,
Results of 3 experiments suggest that feeling empathy for a member of a stigmatized group can improve attitudes toward the group as a whole. In Experiments 1 and 2, inducing empathy for a young woman with AIDS (Experiment 1) or a homeless man (Experiment 2) led to more positive attitudes toward people with AIDS or toward the homeless, respectively. Experiment 3 tested possible limits of the empathy-attitude effect by inducing empathy toward a member of a highly stigmatized group, convicted murderers, and measuring attitudes toward this group immediately and then 1-2 weeks later. Results provided only weak evidence of improved attitudes toward murderers immediately but strong evidence of improved attitudes 1-2 weeks later.
644219.30118331522002.02.22++A human rights critique of the United Kingdom's HIV response.Can HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev
J Godwin, S Walker,
The National AIDS Trust (NAT) is the United Kingdom's leading HIV policy and advocacy NGO. NAT is committed to promoting a human rights framework for HIV responses through work with communities, governments, professionals, and the private sector, both within the UK and internationally. In this presentation to the XIII International AIDS Conference (abstract WeOrE524), John Godwin and Saul Walker discuss current human rights issues related to HIV/AIDS in the UK, and NAT's perspective on the International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights as an advocacy tool.
644319.2983806531993.02.12+ HHS: Gallo guilty of misconduct.Science
J Cohen,
644419.29163659722006.01.23++Taiwan: AIDS NGOs fight to keep human rights law.HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev
P Chung-Li,
Thirty-seven government deputies, all members of the ruling Democratic Progress Party (DPP), have recently proposed a bill to eliminate Article 6-1 of Taiwan's AIDS Prevention and Control Act (1997).
644519.29167189152006.05.30 Privacy. County must answer for broadcasting man's serostatus.AIDS Policy Law
644619.2987161351996.10.18+ Legal issues for nurses. Minors and the ability to consent to HIV testing.Tex Nurs
JI Richardson,
644719.28103245771988.12.16+ Privacy protections deleted from AIDS bill.Mod Healthc
L Wagner,
644819.2822422061991.01.03++Willingness of health-professions students to treat patients with AIDS.Acad Med
CJ Currey, M Johnson, B Ogden,
This 1988-89 survey of 319 students in the medical, dental, nursing, and allied health-care professions revealed that over one-third had some reservations about treating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Most were unwilling to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation on patients with AIDS, and most also believed that health-care workers had the right to refuse care to AIDS patients. Unwillingness to treat AIDS patients was strongly associated with homophobic attitudes and concerns that patients with AIDS posed a risk to health professionals. AIDS education for health professionals should emphasize methods for the prevention of HIV infection among health workers, and include teaching strategies designed to deal with the irrational feelings that AIDS often engenders.
644919.28104349801999.08.16++What do pregnant women think about the HIV test? A qualitative study.AIDS Care
FM Boyd, WM Simpson, GJ Hart, FD Johnstone, DJ Goldberg,
Before any new antenatal screening test is introduced, the opinions of pregnant women should be considered. This is particularly relevant with HIV testing. This qualitative study reports the views of 29 women attending an antenatal clinic in a large maternity hospital in Scotland where a trial of different ways of offering HIV testing on a universal, voluntary basis occurred. Women were in favour of a test offer, although they did not necessarily wish to accept testing for themselves. Generally they were more worried about having an unhealthy baby. There was a commonly held view that routine testing would cause less anxiety because it would eliminate the stigma of saying yes to testing. A move towards the HIV test being recommended to pregnant women as opposed to merely offered is likely to be acceptable, would probably increase uptake rates and should therefore be assessed.
645019.2732769501988.03.21+ Routine preoperative screening for HIV. Does the risk to the surgeon outweigh the risk to the patient?JAMA
MD Hagen, KB Meyer, SG Pauker,
645119.26116970192001.12.04++Correlation between self-reported adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and virologic outcome.Adv Ther
RA DeMasi, NM Graham, JM Tolson, SV Pham, GA Capuano, RL Fisher, MS Shaefer, GE Pakes, GA Sawyerr, JJ Eron,
The Patient Medication Adherence Questionnaire Version 1.0 (PMAQ-V1.0) is a patient-reported adherence instrument to assess medication-taking behaviors and identify barriers to adherence with antiretroviral therapy. To assess the correlation between adherence and virologic outcome, the PMAQ-V1.0 was administered to 194 antiretroviral-experienced adults with HIV infection enrolled in a 16-week evaluation of protease inhibitor-containing regimens featuring a lamivudine/zidovudine combination tablet. At baseline, plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were less than 10,000 copies/mL and CD4(+)-cell counts were equal to or greater than 300 x 10(6)/L; patients had been receiving a conventional regimen of lamivudine + zidovudine (separately) plus a protease inhibitor for at least 10 weeks immediately prior to the study. Forty-eight percent of patients who reported missing at least one dose of a nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) during the study had detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA, compared with 26% of patients who reported no missed doses (P = .002). Patients who missed at least one dose of an NRTI or protease inhibitor were 2.5 times more likely to have quantifiable HIV-1 RNA than those who reported no missed doses. Patients who reported fewer barriers and more motivators to adherence had better virologic outcomes (P = .001). Several dimensions of the PMAQ-V1.0 did not function as well as hypothesized. In this study, self-reported adherence derived from the PMAQ-V1.0 predicted virologic outcomes, but further refinement of the dimensions appears warranted.
645219.26113627381995.10.17 Court revives patient's claim that surgeon refused to treat him.AIDS Policy Law
645319.26147438142004.02.04++Barcelona 2002: law, ethics, and human rights. An advocacy and political conference produces a consensus: effective action is urgently required.Can HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev
T Anderson,
From the deep sense of frustration about the gap between what is possible and what is actually happening, a clear consensus emerged at the XIV International AIDS Conference that effective action is urgently required. This article is based on a presentation on 12 July 2002, the last day of the conference, by Terje Anderson, the rapporteur for Track G. The article presents a summary of the discussions in Track G on topics such as advocacy strategies, the use of the law, the use of a human rights framework and approach, the role of people living with HIV/AIDS, and the need to mobilize sufficient resources. The article states and then critically examines some of the consensus positions that emerged from the conference--specifically, the goal to have three million people on antiretroviral therapy by 2005; the notion that the debate around prevention versus care is over; and the idea that the key issue is no longer what we do, but how to secure the commitment and the resources to do it. The article states that the fight against HIV/AIDS must be fought on a political plane, and that it is the responsibility of everyone working in AIDS to engage our leaders. The article concludes by asking whether we really have the courage and the perseverance to turn our knowledge and our commitment into action.
645419.25113650291998.05.21+ The rehabilitation of thalidomide.J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care
DS MacDougall,
645519.2582036821994.07.05+ AIDS prevention and cultural sensitivity: are they compatible?Am J Public Health
R Bayer,
645619.2579365851994.11.23++Willingness of Brazilian dentists to treat an HIV-infected patient.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol
MR Sposto, F Goncalves, A Ferracioli, SR Porter, W Afonso, M el-Maaytah, L Di Alberti, C Scully,
A study of the willingness of 363 general dental practices in Brazil to accept a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus for treatment of dental pain and the provision of routine dental care showed only 44% of dental practices to be willing to provide dental care. Willingness was influenced neither by financial factors nor the local prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus disease.
645719.2581366091994.04.25+ HIV transmission in the provision of health care.Clin Investig
H Houweling,
645819.25113633091996.05.02+ California: AB 2812 would outlaw anonymous testing.AIDS Treat News
JS James,
645919.25101347451994.08.05 Nothing to fear but fear itself: the EM's (environmental manager) role in communicating risk.Healthc Hazard Mater Manage
646019.24152188642004.07.21+ Organizing for access: the Agua Buena Human Rights Association.Body Posit
RA Smith,
646119.2417586731992.02.04 AMA sets policy on infectious disease and health-care workers.Ohio Med
646219.2315169231992.10.07++AIDS and the politics of compassion.Hospitals
JE Osborn,
The AIDS epidemic presents the health care community with an exceptionally complex set of challenges, says June E. Osborn, M.D., the chairwoman of the National Commission on AIDS. Care-giver burnout, clinical and cost issues, and above all the challenge the disease poses to health care provider--and societal--compassion, make this epidemic unusually difficult to tackle, she writes.
646319.2320064801991.04.22++[Perinatal HIV-infection. Epidemiologic, social and ethical aspects]Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen
R Lindemann, L Brunvand, S Medbø,
More HIV-infected women are becoming pregnant and delivering their baby. The rate of perinatal transmission is about 30-40%. Two thirds of the verified HIV-positive Norwegian women are infected by heterosexual contact. For this reason the obstetric interview is of major importance in order to identify women at risk. We discuss the HIV-screening programme now being run in Norway. Approximately 250,000 pregnant women have been tested and only 19 HIV-positive women have been detected. We discuss the ethical and social problems connected with day care centres, information to health services and the problems that arise when the mother or both parents develop AIDS and die.
646419.2312970761993.04.28+ Hype and prejudice?Nurs Times
J Faugier,
646519.2386054121996.05.20++Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among inpatient pretrial detainees.Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law
D Schwartz-Watts, LD Montgomery, DW Morgan,
Medical records of inpatients discharged from a forensic unit in Columbia, South Carolina, from January 1991 to December 1991 were reviewed to determine the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity. Results were linked to age, gender, ethnicity, history of intravenous drug use, and Axis I diagnoses. HIV status was obtained for 74 percent of patients 18 to 55 years of age. The incidence of HIV seropositivity among patients tested was 5.5 percent, which is greater than 40 times the incidence for the general population in South Carolina. Intravenous drug use was reported for 33 percent of the seropositive males. We conclude that inpatient pretrial detainees are at increased risk for HIV infection. HIV testing should be mandated at all facilities housing detainees. Further studies are needed to determine any factors about these patients that can be linked to seropositivity.
646619.2282356361993.12.17+ Popovic is cleared on all charges; Gallo case in doubt.Science
C Anderson,
646719.22145009582003.10.08+ Thailand beats the odds in completing vaccine test.Science
J Cohen,
646819.2215868101992.06.25+ Recording HIV status on police computers.BMJ
JK Mason,
646919.21165630422006.04.25+ Rational choices for allocating antiretrovirals in Africa: treatment equity, epidemiological efficiency, and feasibility.PLoS Med
DP Wilson, SM Blower,
647019.20167694482006.07.25++Strong HIV and hepatitis disclosure norms and frequent risk behaviors among Hungarian drug injectors.Drug Alcohol Depend
VA Gyarmathy, A Neaigus, E Ujhelyi, T Szabó, J Rácz,
Ethnographic interviews and focus groups were conducted between May 2003 and January 2004 among injection drug users (IDUs; n=29) in Budapest, Hungary, to assess knowledge related to HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV) and norms, attitudes, and behaviors. Participants perceived themselves at low risk for infection with HIV but at high risk for hepatitis through injection but not sexual exposure. They reported strong disclosure norms for HIV and hepatitis infections, while sexual and injection risk behaviors were influenced by trust about partners' self-report of infection status. Injection networks were small, with infrequent syringe sharing among a few close friends. Cookers and drug filters often were shared, and filters were reused as a backup drug supply. Most sexual relationships were monogamous, and condoms were used rarely. Although participant norms supported HIV/HBV/HCV testing, the lack of available behaviors with injection and sex partners who are close friends. Network interventions among IDUs in Hungary should build on disclosure norms and trust to reduce injection and sex risk. Testing services should be expanded and access increased so that IDUs can act on and reinforce their norms for testing.
647119.1926336291990.05.24 AIDS testing--prisoners--Dunn v. White.Am J Law Med
647219.1935810011987.07.13+ Ethics, mores and values--and AIDS.Can J Public Health
JM Last,
647319.18121523942002.09.25+ [Mononucleosis syndrome with viro-immunologic parameters similar to those of a primary HIV-1 infection after interruption of highly effective anti-retroviral treatment]An Med Interna
L Orbea Ríos, A Domínguez Castellanos, E Justo Alpañés,
647419.1736953841988.02.05+ [AIDS--legal problems for physicians and assisting health personnel]Krankenpfl J
F Weiss,
647519.17101427731995.07.18+ Women's health at a crossroad: global responses to HIV/AIDS.Health Matrix Clevel
AL Taylor,
647619.1722205151990.11.13 AAFP position statement: ethical 'need to know' considerations in HIV infection. The Committee on Medical Ethics.Am Fam Physician
647719.1615432831992.04.09+ Organizations for changing times.Am Nurse
L Joel,
647819.16119452092002.04.25++HIV-positive women and minority patients' satisfaction with inpatient hospital care.AIDS Patient Care STDS
SG Jones, PR Messmer, SA Charron, M Parns,
Although patient satisfaction has been examined in relation to HIV services for ambulatory and managed care, less is known about perceptions of hospital care, particularly for HIV-positive women and minorities. The purpose of this study was to examine HIV-positive women and minority patients' satisfaction with hospital care. The study was part of a larger funded study that explored potential health care disparities for HIV-positive women and minority persons in the era of HIV combination drug therapy. A convenience sample of 50 HIV-positive persons was recruited from four medical centers/hospitals in a South Florida community. The multi-ethnic sample included 31 women and 19 men. The survey tool used was Cleary's HIV-Infected Patient's In-Hospital Questionnaire. Findings revealed that participants were generally satisfied with their hospital care. Physicians, nurses, and the hospital environment received satisfactory ratings. However, several problem areas were identified, including pain management and education on side effects of HIV medications, indicating the need for interventions to improve care. Experimental AIDS drugs were discussed with less than half of the participants, suggesting that HIV-positive women and minority patients may not have equal access to clinical drug trials. Further research is also needed to determine whether attitudes conveyed by health care providers influence HIV-positive patients to be wary of advance directives. The competence of nurses experienced in acute-care nursing of persons with HIV/AIDS was an important factor in patient satisfaction. A lack of experienced acute-care AIDS nurses may ultimately lead to a decrease in HIV-positive patients' satisfaction with hospital care.
647919.15161768952006.02.07++Mainstreaming HIV/AIDS in development sectors: Have we learnt the lessons from gender mainstreaming?AIDS Care
H Elsey, R Tolhurst, S Theobald,
Drawing on an international literature review, two international workshops and primary qualitative research in Uganda this paper reviews experiences of mainstreaming HIV/AIDS in development sectors (such as education, health and agriculture) in developing countries. The extent to which HIV/AIDS mainstreaming strategies and associated challenges are similar to or different from those of mainstreaming gender in the health sector is also explored. The paper details the rationale for HIV/AIDS mainstreaming through illustrating the wide reaching effects of the pandemic. Despite the increasing interest in mainstreaming HIV/AIDS there is little clarity on what it actually means in theory or practice. This paper presents a working definition of HIV/AIDS mainstreaming. It is argued that all too often processes of 'mainstreaming' emerge as too narrow and reductionist to be effective. The paper then considers four key challenges for mainstreaming HIV/AIDS and explores how and to what extent they have also been faced in gender mainstreaming and what can be learnt from these experiences. These are: (1) the limited evidence base upon which to build mainstreaming strategies in different country contexts; (2) the role of donors in mainstreaming and implications for sustainability; (3) who should take responsibility for mainstreaming; and (4) how to develop capacity for mainstreaming. The conclusion argues for more joined up thinking and sustainable approaches to mainstreaming both HIV/AIDS and gender.
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Two decades into the HIV epidemic, many Americans still are misinformed about how HIV is transmitted, and they continue to blame the disease on those who are infected, according to a new survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta. This widespread stigmatization of the disease and those who have it has led some HIV-infected people to delay testing and treatment, according to experts. And it affects th way some deal with workplace issues. Many HIV-infected workers are afraid to disclose their HIV status, even if the disclosure would enable them to seek reasonable accommodations for their health issues and treatment.
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V Bond,
Fieldwork on a commercial farm in southern Zambia, which was aimed at designing an HIV prevention program for farm workers, gradually exposed the nature of sexual liaisons between young girls, coming to work on the farm from the surrounding villages, and older migrant men workers. Before completing fieldwork, the anthropologist voiced her concern about the implications of these liaisons for the spread of STDs and HIV with the local rural community, farm management and farm workers. The immediate outcome of her intercessions was the decision by management to sack under-age workers. Although some members of the local community, including local research assistants, and some managers and workers welcomed this decision, others were angered by it. Caught between interest groups and conflicting guidelines, the anthropologist, it is argued, was in a no-win situation, 'between a rock and a hard place'. The paper proposes that the application of anthropological ethics in AIDS research needs some re-evaluation.
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Privacy advocates blast the Bush administration's proposed changes to the 1996 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and say the changes undermine some of the privacy rule's most important strengths, including the consent requirement prior to disclosures about private medical information. The American Hospital Association counters that the proposed changes will save money, cut bureaucracy and paperwork, and still provide adequate privacy protections.